X - Approved Pre-1900 and Diversity Courses for the Minor in American Studies [updated 11/8/23]
| Diversity | Pre-1900 | Course # | Title | Instructor | Crosslists | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X | 2030 | Intro to American Literature: Beginning to Civil War | Samuels | ENGL 2030 | |||
| X | 2042 | Jim Crow and Exclusion-Era America | Chang | AAS/HIST 2042 | |||
| X | 2051 | The US as a Developing Nation | Maggor | HIST 2051 | |||
| X | 2070 | Social Problems in the U.S. | Rich | PAM 2250; SOC 2070 | |||
| X | 2090 | The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692 | Norton | HIST/ FGSS 2090 | |||
| X | X | 2092 | A History of Human Trafficking in the Atlantic World, ca. 1400-1800 | Schmitt | HIST 2091 | ||
| X | 2106 | Intro to Latinx Studies | Jaime/Diaz | LSP 2100 | |||
| X | 2108 | Indigenous Ingenuities as Living Networks | Rickard | AIIS 2100; ARTH 2101 | |||
| X | 2111 | Black History Topics through Film | Washington | HIST 2111 | |||
| X | X | 2112 | Black Spirituality, Religion & Protest | Washington | ASRC/HIST/RELST 2112 | ||
| X | 2152 | (Im)migration and (Im)migrants: Then & Now | Garcia-Rios | GOVT/LSP 2152 | |||
| X | 2225 | Controversies about Inequality | Haskins | SOC 2220; PHIL 1950; GOVT 2225 | |||
| X | 2251 | US Immigration Narratives | Garcia | LSP/MUSIC 2320; SPAN 2330 | |||
| X | 2253 | Diasporas from the Spanish Caribbean | Garcia | HIST/LSP 2253 | |||
| X | X | 2296 | History Lab: Digital History of Black Resistance | Baptist | HIST 2296 | ||
| X | X | 2297 | Public History Lab: The History of People Setting Themselves Free From Slavery in the US | Baptist | HIST/ASRC 2297 | ||
| X | 2310 | Race and the Zombie Apocalypse | Wilson | ASRC 2310; ENGL 2931 | |||
| X | 2320 | Latino Music in the US | Madrid | LSP/MUSIC 2320; SPAN 2330 | |||
| X | 2335 | Making Public Queer History | Vider | FGSS/HIST 2335 | |||
| X | X | 2350 | Archaeology of North American Indians | Jordan | AIIS 2350, ANTHR 2235 | ||
| X | 2352 | Paul Robeson and the Revolutionary Imagination | Rickford | HIST 2352 | |||
| X | 2353 | Civil Rights vs. Human Rights in the Black Freedom Struggle | Rickford | HIST/ASRC 2353 | |||
| X | 2354 | African American Visions of Africa | Rickford | HIST/ASRC 2354 | |||
| X | 2381 | Corruption, Collusion, and Commerce in Early America and the Caribbean | Schmitt | HIST/LATA 2381 | |||
| X | X | 2390 | Seminar in Iroquois History | Parmenter | HIST/AIIS 2390 | ||
| X | 2391 | From Terra Incognita to Territories of Nation States | Parmenter | HIST 2391 | |||
| X | X | 2392 | Where Fire Meets Ice: Histories of the U.S.-Canada Border Across Four Centuries | Parmenter | HIST 2392 | ||
| X | 2401 | Intro to Latino/a Literature | Diaz; Castillo | ENGL/LSP 2400 | |||
| X | 2460 | Contemporary Narratives by Latina Writers | Castillo | LSP/FGSS/SPAN 2460; COML 2032 | |||
| X | 2470 | Digital Latinxs | Chaar Lopez | LSP/STS 2470 | |||
| X | 2504 | Obama and the Meaning of Race | Gosa | ASRC 2504; GOVT 2604; SOC 2520 | |||
| X | X | 2511 | Black Women of 1900 | Washington | HIST/ASRC/FGSS 2511 | ||
| X | 2512 | Black Women in the 20th Century | Washington/Nunley | HIST/ASRC/FGSS 2511 | |||
| X | 2562 | Black Queer Writing and Media | Frazier | ENGL/ASRC/FGSS/LGBT 2560 | |||
| X | 2577 | American Jewish Women and the Body of Tradition | Rock-Singer | ANTHR/FGSS/JWST/NES/RELST 2577 | |||
| X | 2585 | Millennial Jewish Stars: Race, Gender & Sexuality | Branfman | ENGL/FGSS/JWST 2585; PMA 2985 | |||
| X | 2600 | Intro to Native American Indian Literature | Cheyfitz | ENGL/AIIS 2600 | |||
| X | 2620 | Asian American Literature | Wong | ENGL/AAS 2620 | |||
| X | 2622 | Intro to Asian American Performance | Balance | AAS 2623; PMA 2621 | |||
| X | 2630 | Brazil to Brooklyn: Jewish Culture of the Americans | Branfman | COML/ENGL/JWST 2630; RELST 2620 | |||
| X | X | 2635 | A Haunted House Divided: The American Gothic in Nineteenth-Century Literature | Warren | ENGL 2635 | ||
| X | 2640 | Intro to Asian American History | Chang | HIST 2640, AAS 2130 | |||
| X | 2645 | Race & Modern US History | Chang | HIST/AAS/ASRC 2641 | |||
| X | 2650 | Intro African American Literature | Woubshet/Mangrum/Spires | ENGL 2650 | |||
| X | 2655 | Latinos in the United States | Velez | SOC/DSOC 2650; LSP 2010 | |||
| X | X | 2660 | Everything you Know about Indians is Wrong: Unlearning Native American History | Parmenter | HIST/AIIS 2660 | ||
| X | 2664 | What's Colonial About Early America? | Parmenter | HIST/ 2664 | |||
| X | 2665 | The American Revolutionary Era | Parmenter | HIST 2665 | |||
| X | 2669 | American Political Thought | Frank/Livingston | GOVT 2665 | |||
| X | 2680 | Culture & Politics of the 1960s | Sawyer | ENGL 2680 | |||
| X | 2682 | The United States in the 60s and 70s | Kohler-Hausmann | HIST 2680 | |||
| X | 2686 | The U.S. and the Middle East | Brann | NES/JWST/HIST 2686 | |||
| X | 2722 | History of Mental Health & Mental Illness in the US | Vider | HIST 2721 | |||
| X | 2723 | LGBTQ History in the United States | Vider | HIST/LGBT/FGSS 2722 | |||
| X | 2725 | Introduction to Latino/o/x Performance | Jaime | LSP/ PMA 2720 | |||
| X | 2726 | Culture & Identity in Modern America: 19th Century | Sachs | HIST 2726 | |||
| X | X | 2729 | From the Swampy Land: Indigenous People of the Ithaca Area | Jordan | AIIS/ANTHR/ARKEO 2720 | ||
| X | 2751 | Environmental Justice in Upstate New York | Reynolds | SHUM/ASRC 2750; ENGL 2950 | |||
| X | X | 2755 | Race and Slavery in the Early Atlantic World | Schmitt | HIST/ASRC 2755 | ||
| X | 2770 | Representing Racial Encounters/ Encountering Racial Representations | Diaz/Ngugi | ENGL/LSP/ASRC 2770 | |||
| X | 2790 | Jewish Films and Filmmakers: Hollywood and Beyond | Shapiro | JWST/NES/VISST 2790: PMA 2490 | |||
| X | 2810 | Migration: Histories, Controversies, and Perspectives | Gleeson | ILRLR/LSP/PAM/SOC 2810 | |||
| X | 2910 | It's all Chinese to Me | Wong | AAS/ENGL 2910 | |||
| X | 3010 | Photography and the American Dream | Gaskins | ARTH/VISST 3010 | |||
| X | X | 3015 | Sweetness: How Sugar Built the Modern World | Aching | ASRC/ROMS/SHUM 3010; LATA 3015 | ||
| X | 3020 | Representing Brooklyn: Race, Place & Popular Culture | LaBennett | HIST/ASRC 3031 | |||
| X | 3025 | Asian Americans & Popular Culture | Balance | AAS 3020; PMA 3420 | |||
| X | X | 3032 | Race and Revolution in the Americas: 1700 to 1900 | Washington | HIST/ASRC 3031 | ||
| X | 3035 | Seminar in American Lit: Beginnings to Civil War | Samuels | ENGL 3030 | |||
| X | 3039 | Community-Engaged Archaeology | Dedrick | ANTHR/ARKEO 3030 | |||
| X | 3065 | Immigrant America: Race and Citizenship in Modern Working-Class History | Martinez-Matusda | ILRLR/LAT/LSP 3065 | |||
| X | 3121 | Crime and Punishment | Margulies | GOVT 3121 | |||
| X | 3141 | Prisons | Katzenstein, Margulies | GOVT 3141 | |||
| X | 3142 | Incarceration, Policy Response & Self- Reflection | Katzenstein, Sawyer | GOVT 3142 | |||
| X | 3155 | Prisons, Politics & Policy | Michener | GOVT 3152 | |||
| X | 3200 | Historical Archaeology | Jordan | ANTHR 3201/6210; AMST 6210 | |||
| X | 3205 | Black Expatriate Writing | Gaines | HIST 3211; ASRC 3210 | |||
| X | 3214 | Dance in America: Cultures, Identities, and Fabrication | Aldape Muñoz | PMA 3214 | |||
| X | 3230 | American Economic History l | Lyons | ECON 3230 | |||
| X | 3231 | Race and Politics in the 20th Century America | Sokol | HIST 3231 | |||
| X | X | 3248 | Finger Lakes and Beyond: Archaeology of the Native Northeast | Jordan | ANTHR 3248 | ||
| X | 3261 | Health, Equity, Politics and Policy | Michener/Perera | GOVT 3251 | |||
| X | 3302 | Rhythm and Blues to Funk: Black Popular Music Before Hip Hop | Pond | MUSIC 3302 | |||
| X | 3317 | Music in the Making and Unmasking of Race | Hawkins | MUSIC 3317/ANTHR 3017 | |||
| X | 3330 | Ways of Knowing: Indigenous & Local Ecological | Kassam | NTRES/AllS 3330 | |||
| X | 3380 | Urban Inequality | Bischoff | SOC 3380 | |||
| X | 3401 | The Whites are Here to Stay: US-Africa Policy from Nixon to Date | Grovogui | ASRC 3401; GOVT 3211 | |||
| X | 3402 | Being and Becoming Black | LaBennett | ASRC/LSP/ANTHR 3400 | |||
| X | 3404 | A Maritime History of Early America, ca. 1450-1850 | Schmitt | HIST/ASRC/LATA 3405 | |||
| X | 3405 | Multicultural Issues and Education | Villenas | ANTHR/EDUC/LSP 3405 | |||
| X | 3409 | Labor and Migration in Asian America | Seo | AAS/SOC 3400 | |||
| X | 3420 | Refugees and the Politics of Vulnerability: Intersections of Feminist Theory and Practice | Juffer | FGSS; GOVT 3401; LSP 3402 | |||
| X | 3430 | History of the U.S. Civil War and Reconstruction | Baptist | HIST 3430 | |||
| X | 3434 | Underground Railroad Seminar | Aching | ASRC/SHUM 3434 | |||
| X | X | 3442 | Merchants, Whalers, Pirates, Sailors: American Maritime Literature from the 19th Century and Beyond | Warren | ENGL/ASRC 3440 | ||
| X | 3450 | Cultural and Intellectual Life of 19th Century Americans | Sachs | HIST 3450 | |||
| X | 3451 | Cultural and Identity in Modern America: the 20th Century | Sachs | HIST 3451 | |||
| X | 3452 | Americanish: Identity and Selfhood in US History (Formerly: The Myth of America) | Sachs | HIST 3452 | |||
| X | 3461 | Intro to African American Cinema | Sheppard | PMA/VISST 3461 | |||
| X | 3470 | Asian American Women's History | Lau | AAS/FGSS/HIST 3470 | |||
| X | 3475 | Nueva York: Caribbean Urbanisms | McDaniel | ASRC/LATA/LSP/SPAN 3470 | |||
| X | 3506 | Slavery & Visual Culture | Finley | ARTH/ASRC/VISST 3506 | |||
| X | 3512 | Black Panther Party Autobiography- Writing the Activist Self | Richardson | ASRC 3512; ENGL 3912 | |||
| X | 3515 | Blaxploitation Film & Photography | Finely | ARTH/FGSS/VISST/ASRC/ FILM 3305 | |||
| X | 3520 | The Asian American Middle Class | Lau | AAS/ HIST 3515 | |||
| X | 3530 | Farewell to the Party of Lincoln: Race, Class & Populism in the Age of Trump | Gaines | ASRC 3520; HIST 3502 | |||
| X | 3560 | Modeling Race; Fashioning Beauty | Rooks | ASRC 3550; FGSS 3540 | |||
| X | 3562 | Thinking from a Different Place; Indigenous Philosophies | Warrior/Cheyfitz | AIIS/ENGL 3560 | |||
| X | 3565 | Black Ecoliterature | Frazier | ENGL/FGSS 3565 | |||
| X | 3580 | 20th Century Women Writers of Color in the Americas | Wong | AAS/ENGL 3580; FGSS 3581 | |||
| X | 3581 | Imagining Migration in Film & Literature | Adelson/Haenni | GERST/VISST 3581; PMA 3481; COML 3580 | |||
| X | 3590 | The Black Radical Tradition in the U.S. | Rickford | HIST/ASRC 3590 | |||
| X | 3612 | Capitalism and Colonialism in Early American Literature | Cheyfitz | ENGL 3612 | |||
| X | 3621 | Dissent and Protest in U.S. History | Deily-Swearingen | ASRC 3626; SHUM 3620 | |||
| X | X | 3625 | Frederick Douglass and Frances E.W. Harper | Spires | ENGL/ASRC 3625 | ||
| X | 3650 | Envisioning America: Nineteenth-Century US Poetry and Prose | Gilbert | ENGL 3650 | |||
| X | 3661 | Reading the 19th Century American Novel | Samuels | ENGL 3660 | |||
| 3665 | American Political Theory: Madison to Malcolm X | Kramnick | GOVT 3665; HIST 3160 | ||||
| X | 3672 | Visualizing el Barrio: Interpreting & Documenting East Harlem's Mural Tradition | Diaz | ENGL 3672; ARTH/LSP/VISST 3670 | |||
| X | 3680 | The Art of Telling: Chicanx, Latinx, and AfroLatinx Testimonios | Diaz | ENGL/LSP 3680; LATA/FGSS 3681 | |||
| X | 3685 | Growing Up Latina/o | Brady | ENGL/ FGSS/ LSP 3685 | |||
| X | 3690 | The Race and Gender Poverty in Literature and Film | Cheyfitz | ENGL 3690 | |||
| X | 3703 | Asians in the Americas: A Comparative Perspective | Munasinghe | ANTHR 3703; AAS 3030 | |||
| X | 3707 | Hidden Identities Onscreen | Branfman | ENGL/COML/FGSS/JWST 3707; PMA 3507 | |||
| X | 3717 | Sitcom Jews: Ethnic Representation on Television and on Stage | Winitsky | JWST/ PMA 3711 | |||
| X | 3719 | The Jewish Life of DNA | Rock- Singer | JWST/STS/RELST 3719 | |||
| X | 3720 | Food, Gender & Culture | McCullogh | ENGL 3721; FGSS 3720 | |||
| X | 3732 | Africans and African Americans in Literature | Ngugi | ENGL/ ASRC 3742 | |||
| X | 3734 | Whiteness in Literature and Popular Culture | Mohanty | ENGL/ASRC 3734 | |||
| X | 3740 | Painting Nineteenth-Century America | Meixner | ARTH/ VISST 3740 | |||
| X | 3742 | Contemporary African American Poetry | Woubshet | ENGL/ ASRC 3740 | |||
| X | 3754 | Spoken Word, Hip Hop Theater & the Politics of Performance | Jaime | PMA/LSP/FGSS 3754; ENGL 3954 | |||
| X | 3762 | Law, Latinxs, Illegality | Santiago-Irizarry | ANTH/LSP 3762 | |||
| X | 3773 | Harlem Renaissance & Black Arts Movement | Crawford | ASRC/ ENGL 3773 | |||
| X | 3830 | Latino America | Garcia | HIST/LSP 3800 | |||
| X | 3860 | African American Social History, from 1910 to the Present: Race, Work, and City | Salvatore | ILRLR 3860; HIST 3760 | |||
| X | 3981 | Latina/o Popular Culture | Diaz | ENGL/LSP 3980 | |||
| X | 4002 | Diasporic and Indigenous Health | Ezell | ASRC 4002; SOC 4010 | |||
| X | 4022 | U.S. Cultures of War and Empire | Balance | AAS 4020; ASIAN 4458 | |||
| X | 4023 | Black and Indigenous Histories | Chresfield | ASRC/FGSS 4023 | |||
| X | 4032 | Immigration & Politics Research Seminar | Garcia- Rios | GOVT/ LSP 4032 | |||
| X | 4033 | Race & Social Entrepreneurship: Food Justice | Rooks | ASRC 4033 | |||
| X | X | 4039 | Reconstruction & the New South | Washington | HIST 4390 | ||
| X | 4052 | Critical Filipino/ Filipino American Studies | Balance | AAS 4050; ASIAN 4452 | |||
| X | 4104 | Critical Race Theory: What Is It? What Does It Do? Why Should it Matter? | Taiwo | ASRC 4304 | |||
| X | 4105 | The Negro in American: Baldwin & Douglass | Farred | ASRC 4110; ENGL 4510 | |||
| X | X | 4109 | The Practice and Theory of Public History: Slavery and Self-Emancipation in US History | Baptist | HIST 4109 | ||
| X | 4111 | The Historical Geography of Black America | Hyman | HIST 4112 | |||
| X | 4113 | August Wilson: the Cycle of Black Life | Farred | ASRC/ENGL 4113 | |||
| X | 4123 | Archipelagoes: Cartographies of Race, Sound, and Sexuality | Goffe | AAS/ FGSS 4123; ENGL 4923 | |||
| X | 4155 | Slavery and Gender in the Atlantic World | Nunley | HIST/FGSS 4155 | |||
| X | X | 4157 | Readings in Race and Nineteenth-Century American History | Nunley | HIST 4157 | ||
| X | 4202 | Politics of Inequality: History of the US Welfare State | Kohler-Hausmann | HIST 4202 | |||
| X | 4212 | Black Women's Autobiography in the 21st Century | Richardson | ASRC/FGSS 4212; ENGL 4912 | |||
| X | 4220 | Locke and the Philosophies of Dispossession: Indigenous America's Interruptions and Resistances | Richardson | AIIS 4200 | |||
| X | 4262 | Environmental Justice: Past, Present, Future | Sachs | HIST 4262 | |||
| X | X | 4272 | Archaeology of Colonialism and Cultural Entanglement | Jordan | ANTHR 4272 | ||
| X | 4283 | Latino Politics and Racial Politics | Garcia- Rios | GOVT/LSP 4283 | |||
| X | Varies | 4301 | The Rabinor Seminar | Varies | HIST/LGBT/FGSS 4336 | ||
| X | 4313 | The Beautiful Struggle | Maxwell | ENGL 4313 | |||
| X | 4321 | A Dilemma Revisited: African Americans, Inequality and K-16 Education |
Rooks |
ASRC 4301 | |||
| X | 4336 | Food, Identity, and Politics in the United States | Vider | HIST/FGSS/LGBT 4336 | |||
| X | 4337 | The 1980's: Politics, Culture and Memory in the United States | Vider | HIST 4337 | |||
| X | X | 4393 | The Underground Railroad and the Coming of the Civil War | Washington | HIST/ASRC 4393 | ||
| X | 4402 | Women in Hip Hop | LaBennett | ASRC 4402/6402; AMST 6402 | |||
| X | 4404 | The Black 70s: From Black Politics to Black Popular Culture | Rooks | ASRC 4404 | |||
| X | 4412 | Playing out Difference: History & Identity in Sports Film | Sheppard | PMA/VISST/FGSS 4412 | |||
| X | 4502 | Queer Proximities | Brady | ENGL/FGSS/LGBT/LSP 4505; ASRC 4555 | |||
| X | 4516 | Sociology of Race & Education | Gosa | ASRC 4516; SOC 4520 | |||
| X | 4519 | Toni Morrison's Novels | Richardson |
ASRC/ENGL/FGSS 4509; ASRC/ENGL/FGSS 6513 |
|||
| X | 4525 | 20th Century Women Writers & Artists | Samuels | ENGL 4525 | |||
| X | 4533 | The Lower East Side- Jews & the Immigrant City | Sampson | ANTHR 4733; JWST 4533 | |||
| X | 4550 | Race and the University | Chang/Wong | AAS 4550; ENGL 4961; HIST 4551 | |||
| X | 4556 | Decolonial Poetics and Aesthetics: Art of/as Resistance in the Americas | Diaz; Cohen-Aponte/Rickard | ENGL/LSP 4556 | |||
| X | 4560 | The Politics and Joy in Black Women's Writing | Warren | ENGL/ASRC/FGSS 4560 | |||
| X | 4587 | Critical Race Theory | Smith | GOVT 4578; ASRC 4587 | |||
| X | 4600 | Melville | Maxwell/Cheyfitz | ENGL 4600 | |||
| X | 4603 | Black Speculative Fiction | Spires | ENGL 4605; ASRC 4655 | |||
| X | 4627 | Contemporary Native American Literature | Cheyfitz | ENGL/AIIS 4625 | |||
| X | 4632 | Rethinking Asian American Literature: Indigeneity, Diaspora, Settler Colonialism | Pegues | ENGL/AAS 4630 | |||
| X | 4633 | Art! Poetry! Power! | Diaz | ASRC/ENGL/LSP 4635 | |||
| X | 4635 | Feminist Theory/Law & Society | Smith | GOVT 4635 | |||
| X | 4645 | ****Walden & Beyond ( fka "Reading Walden") | Fried | ENGL 4655 | |||
| X | 4646 | Indigeneity and Energy in Native America | Powell | ANTHR 4145; SHUM 4645 | |||
| X | 4647 | The Energy Transition in the Nineteenth Century | Ron | HIST/SHUM/STS 4647 | |||
| X | 4658 | Fabricating Race: Art, Clothing, Resistance | Lamm | ASRC /FGSS/SHUM/VISST 4658 | |||
| X | X | 4661 | Contested Continents: The Great War for Empire in North America and Beyond | Parmenter | HIST 4661 | ||
| X | 4664 | Dark Laboratory: Black and Native Media Ecologies | Goffe/Palmer | SHUM/ASRC 4662; PMA 4562 | |||
| X | 4667 | Forms of the New: Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson | Warren | ENGL 4667 | |||
| X | X | 4669 | From Slavery to Mass Incarceration: A History of Policing in Black Communities | Alexander | SHUM/HIST/ASRC 4669 | ||
| X | 4670 | Native American Poetry of Resistance | Warrior | AIIS/ ENGL 4670 | |||
| X | 4671 | How the Civil War Haunts America | Samuels | ENGL 4671 | |||
| X | X | 4674 | Dispossession, Truth, and Reconciliation | Parmenter | SHUM/HIST 4674 | ||
| X | 4701 | Africa in the African American Mind | Rickford | HIST 4701; ASRC 4701 | |||
| X | 4702 | Cultural Politics of the 1970s | Rickford | HIST 4701; ASRC 4701 | |||
| X | 4705 | Nightlife | Jaime | FGSS/LGBT/LSP/PMA 4701 | |||
| X | 4706 | The Black Transatlantic | Rubenstein | GOVT 4706 | |||
| X | X | 4716 | Law and Empire in Early America | Schmitt | HIST 4716 | ||
| X | 4720 | New Latinx Writing | Brady | ENGL/LSP 4720 | |||
| X | 4733 | The Future of Whiteness | Mohanty |
ASRC/ENGL 4733; AMST/ENGL 6733 |
|||
| X | 4740 | Colonial Intersections: Jews and Native Americans | Boyarin/Uran | ANTHR/NES/JWST 4745; ANTHR/JWST/NES 7745 | |||
| X | 4757 | Be a Man! Masculinity, Race, and Nation | Branfman | ENGL/FGSS 4757 | |||
| X | 4771 | Indigenous Art, Film, and New Media: Anti-Colonial Strategies | Rickard | ARTH/ANTHR/COML 4771; AMST/ANTHR/ARTH/COML 6771 | |||
| X | 4800 | Race and Racism/Law and Society | Smith | GOVT 4805 | |||
| X | 4851 | Refugees | Garcia | HIST 4851 | |||
| X | 4900 | New World Encounters 1500-1800 | Parmenter | AIIS/HIST 4900 | |||
| X | 4970 | Jim Crow and Exclusion-Era America | Chang | HIST/AAS 4970 | |||
| X | 4990 | U.S. Pop Music and Racial Common Sense | Balance | PMA 4964; MUSIC 4333; SHUM 4993 |